Supplementary Material

Figure S1. Image of a complete N. sativa plant, its flowers and seeds. (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nigella_sativa).

Figure S2. The effects of weed management systems on seed yield of black cumin in two cropping years. The values represent the means of 2017 and 2018. WF: weed free plot; WI: weed infest plot; HCt1: H. vulgare living mulch, mowing after black cumin establishment; HCt2: H. vulgare living mulch, mowing before the black cumin flowering stage. TCt1; T. alexandrinum living mulch, mowing after black cumin establishment; TCt2: T. alexandrinum living mulch, mowing before the black cumin flowering stage.

Table S1. Year-wise treatment effects on weed parameters and yield indices of black cumin. Values represent Mean ± Standard Deviation and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P±0.05) among treatments within each year and parameter.

© F. Benakashani et al., Published by EDP Sciences, 2025